On the Shortness of Life by Seneca

A guide to Seneca's most widely read essay — the argument that life is not short, but wasted. Written around 49 AD and still the most direct statement of the Stoic account of time.

On Providence by Seneca

A guide to Seneca's essay on why bad things happen to good people — the Stoic answer to one of philosophy's oldest questions, written as a letter to a friend who could not reconcile Stoic virtue with worldly suffering.

On Duties by Cicero

A guide to Cicero's De Officiis — the most widely read work of ancient ethics, and the most complete account of how Stoic philosophy applies to practical life, politics, and the obligations we owe each other.

On Benefits by Seneca

A guide to Seneca's seven-book treatise on gratitude, generosity, and the ethics of giving and receiving. The most complete ancient philosophical treatment of what we owe each other.

On Anger by Seneca

A guide to Seneca's treatise on anger — three books on what anger is, how to prevent it, and how to cure it. The most sustained philosophical treatment of anger in the Stoic tradition.

Meditations by Marcus Aurelius

A complete guide to the Meditations — what it is, how it came to exist, how to read it, and which translation to use. The most intimate philosophical document in the Stoic tradition.

Letters to Lucilius by Seneca

A complete guide to Seneca's Letters to Lucilius — what the letters are, how to read them, and which translation to use. The most personal and widely read document in the Stoic tradition.

Enchiridion by Epictetus

A complete guide to the Enchiridion — what it is, how Arrian compiled it, how to use it, and which translation to read. The most portable and practically oriented document in the Stoic tradition.

Discourses by Epictetus

A complete guide to the Discourses — Epictetus's lectures recorded by Arrian. The most philosophically rigorous text in the Stoic tradition and the primary source behind the Enchiridion.

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